Lectures on Tropical Meteorology


References

Bjerknes, J., 1966: A possible response of the atmospheric Hadley circulation to equatorial anomalies of ocean temperature. Tellus,18, 824-829.

Bjerknes, J., 1969: Atmospheric teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific. Mon. Wea. Rev., 97, 163-172.

Bjerknes, J., 1970: Large-scale ocean-atmosphare interaction resulting from variable heat transfer at the equator. Rand Corp. RM-6353-ARPA, 23pp. [Available from The Rand Corporation, 1700 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90406, USA].

Blad\'{e, I. and D.L. Hartmann, 1993: Tropical intraseasonal oscillations in a simple nonlinear model. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2922-2939.

Chang, C.-P., J. E. Erickson and K. M. Lau, 1979: Northeasterly cold surges and near-equatorial disturbances over the Winter MONEX area during December 1974. Part 1: Synoptic Aspects. Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 812-829.

Chang, C.-P., and K. M. Lau, 1980: Northeasterly cold surges and near equatorial disturbances over the Winter MONEX area during December 1974, Part 11: Planetary-scale aspects Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 298-312.

Chang, C.-P., and K. M. Lau, 1981: Planetary-scale motions of winter monsoons during cold surge and break periods. Proc. Int. Conf. on Early Results of FGGE and Large-Scale Aspects off Its Monsoon Experiments, Tallahassee, WMO, 4, 12-19.

Charney, J.G., 1963: A note on the large-scale motions in the tropics. J. Atmos. Sci. 20, 607-609.

Charney, J.G., 1969: A further note on large-scale motions in the tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 182-185.

Cornejo-Garrido, A. G. and Stone, P. H., 1977: On the heat balance of the Walker Circulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1155-1162.

Defant, A. and F. Defant, 1958: Physikalische Dynamik der Atmosphäre, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, 527 pp.

Fein, J. S. and J.P. Kuettner, 1980: Report of the summer MONEX field phase. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 61, 461-474.

Fleming, R. J., T.M. Kaneshige and W.E. McGovern, 1979: The Global Weather Experiment 1. The observational phase through the first special observing period. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 60, 649-659.

Geisler, J. E., 1981: A linear model of the Walker Circulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1390-1400.

Gill, A. E., 1980: Some simple solutions for heat-induced tropical circulations. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 447-462.

Gill, A. E., 1982: Atmosphere - Ocean Dynamics. International Geophysics Series. Vol. 30. Academic Press. 662pp.

Gray, W. M. and R. W. Jacobson, 1977: Diurnal variation of deep cumulus convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 105, 1171-1188.

Greenfield, R. S. and T.N. Krishnamurti, 1979: The Winter Monsoon Experiment - Report of the December 1978 Field Phase. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 439-444.

Hadley, G., 1735: Concerning the cause of the general trade-winds. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London 39, 58-62.

Halley, E., 1686: An historical account of the trade winds, and monsoons, observed in the seas between and near the tropicks, with an attempt to assign the phisical cause of the said winds. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London 16, 153-168.

Held, I. M. and A. Y. Hou, 1980: Nonlinear axially symmetric circulations in a nearly inviscid atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 7, 515-533.

Hirst, A.C., 1989: Recent advances in the theory of ENSO. Aust. Meteor. Oceonog. Soc. Newstetter, 2, No. 6, 101-113.

Holland, G. J., J.L. McBride, R.K. Smith, D. Jasper and T.D. Keenan, 1986: The BMRC Australian Monsoon Experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 67, 1466-1486.

Holton, J. R., 1972: An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology (1st Edn.). International Geophysics Series. Vol. 23. Academic Press. 391 pp.

Holton, J. R., 1992: An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology (3rd Edn.). International Geophysics Series. Vol. 48. Academic Press. 511 pp.

James, I. N., 1994: Introduction to Circulation Atmospheres. Cambridge Atmospheric and Space Science Series. Cambridge University Press. 422 pp.

Johnson, R. H., and R. A. Houze, 1987: Precipitating cloud systems of the Asian monsoon. In Monsoon Meteorology, Ed. C.P. Chang and T.N. Krishnamurti, Oxford Univ. Press, 298-353.

Julian, P. R., and R. M. Chervin, 1978: A study of the Southern Oscillation and Walker Circulation phenomena. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 1433-1451.

Knutsson, T. R., and K. M. Weickmann, 1987: 30-60 day atmospheric oscillations: composite life cycles of convection and circulation anomalies. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1407-1436.

Knutsson, T. R., K. M. Weickmann and J. E. Kutzbach, 1986: Global-scale intraseasonal oscillations of outgoing longwave radiation and 250 mb zonal wind during Northern Hemisphere summer. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 605-623.

Kousky, V. E., and M. A. Gan, 1981: Upper tropospheric cyclonic vortices in the tropical South Atlantic. Tellus, 33, 538-550.

Krishnamurti, T. N., 1971: Tropical east-west circulations during the northern summer. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 1342-1347.

Krishnamurti, T. N., Kanamitsu, W. J. Koss and J. D. Lee, 1973: Tropical east-west circulations during the northern winter. J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 780-787.

Kuettner, J. P., D. E. Parker, D. R. Rodenhuis, H. Hoeber, H., Kraus and G.S. Philander, 1974: GATE. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 55, 711-744.

Lau, K. M., and P. H. Chan, 1986: The 40-50 day oscillation and the El Ni\~{no-Southern Oscillation: A new perspective. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 67, 533-534.

Lau, K. M. and L. Peng, 1987: Origin of low-frequency (intraseasonal) oscillations in the tropical atmosphere. Part I: Basic theory. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 950-972.

Lim, H., and C.-P. Chang, 1981: A theory of midlatitude forcing of tropical motions during winter monsoons. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 2377-2392.

Lim, H. and C.-P. Chang, 1987: On the dynamics of midlatitude-tropical interactions and the winter monsoon. In Monsoon Meteorology, Ed. C.-P. Chang and T.N. Krishnamurti, Oxford Univ. Press, 405-434.

Lindzen, R. S. and A. Y. Hou, 1988: Hadley circulations for zonally averaged heating centred off the equator. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 2416-2427.

Longuet-Higgins, M. S., 1964: On group velocity and energy flux in planetary wave motions. Deep-Sea Res., 11, 35-42.

Longuet-Higgins, M. S., 1968: The eigenfunctions of Laplace's tidal equations over a sphere. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., 262, 511-607.

McAvaney, B. J., N. E. Davidson and J.L. McBride, 1981: The onset of the Australian northwest monsoon during Winter MONEX: Broadscale flow revealed by an objective analysis scheme. Proc. Intern. Conf. on early results of FGGE and large-scale aspects of the Monsoon experiments. Tallahassee. Florida, USA, 12-17 January 1981.

Madden, R. A., and P. R. Julian, 1971: Detection of a 40-50 day oscillation in the zonal wind in the tropical Pacific. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 702-708.

Madden, R. A., and P. R. Julian, 1972: Description of global-scale circulation cells in the tropics with a 40-50 day period. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 702-708.

Madden, R. A. and P. R. Julian, 1994: Observations of the 40-50 day tropical oscillation - A review. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 814-837.

Matsuno, T., 1966: Quasi-geostrophic motions in the equatorial area. J. Met. Soc. Japan., 44, 25-42.

Newell; R. E., J. W. Kidson, D. G. Vincent. and G. J. Boer, 1972: The general circulation of the tropical atmosphere. Vol. 1. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Newell; R. E., J. W. Kidson, D. G. Vincent and G. J. Boer, 1974: The general circulation of the tropical atmosphere. Vol. 2. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Nieuwolt, S., 1977: Tropical Climatology. An introduction to the climate of low latitudes. John Wiley & Sons, 207 pp.

Ooyama, K. V., 1969: Numerical simulation of the life-cycle of tropical cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 3-40.

Philander, S. G. H., 1990: El Nino, La Nina and the Southern Oscillation, R. Dmowska and J. R. Holton, Eds., Academic Press, 293 pp.

Ramage, C. S., 1968: Role of a tropical "maritime continent" in the atmospheric circulation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 96, 365-3??.

Ramage C. S., 1971: Monsoon Meteorology, Academic Press, 296 pp.

Rasmussen, E. M. and J. M. Wallace, 1983: Meteorological aspects of the El Ni\~{no/Southern Oscillation. Science, 222, 1195-1202.

Raymond, D. J. and A. H. Sobel, 2001: Forecasting convection, precipitation, and vertical motion in the tropics. Proc. Int. Workshop on the Dynamics and Forecasting of Tropical Weather Systems. Bureau of Meteorology, Australia.

Riehl, H. 1979: Climate and Weather in the Tropics. Academic Press. 611 pp.

Riehl, H. and J. S. Malkus, 1958: On the heat balance of the equatorial trough zone. Geophysica, 6, 503-538.

Sellers, W. D., 1965: Physical Climatology, Univ. of Chicago Press, 272 pp.

Silva Dias, P. L., W. H. Schubert and M. DeMaria, 1983: Large-scale response of the tropical atmosphere to transient convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 2689-2707. (click here)

Smith, W. L., H. M. Woolf, C. M. Hayden, D. Q. Wark, and L. M. McMillan, 1979: The TIROS-N Operational Vertical Sounder. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 60, 1177-1187.

Sneddon, I. N., 1961: Special Functions of Mathematical Physics and Chemistry, Oliver and Boyd, 184 pp.

Sobel, A. H. and C. S. Bretherton, 2000: Modeling tropical precipitation in a single column. J. Climate, 13, 4378-4392.

Sobel, A. H., J. Nilsson and L. M. Polvani, 2001: The weak temperature gradient approximation, and balanced moisture waves J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 3650-3665. (click here)

Troup, A. J., 1965: The Southern Oscillation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 91, 490-506.

Virgi, H., 1981: A preliminary study of summertime tropospheric circulation patterns over South America estimated from cloud winds. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 599-610.

Vonder Haar, T. H. and V. E. Soumi, 1971: Measurements of the earth's radiation budget from satellites during a five year period. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 305-314.

Wallace, J. M., 1970: Time-longitude section of tropical cloudiness. December 1966 - November 1967. ESSA Technical Report NESC 56 (ESSA TR NESC 56).

Wallace, J. M., 1973: General circulation of the tropical lower stratosphere. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 11, 191-222.

Wallace, J. M. and V. E. Kousky, 1968: Observational evidence of Kelvin waves in the tropical stratosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 25, 900-907.

Webster, P. J., 1972: Response of the tropical atmosphere to local steady, forcing. Mon. Wea. Rev., 100, 518-540.

Webster, P. J., 1981: Mechanisms determining the mean and transient structure of the large scale winter monsoon circulation. Proc. Int. Conf. on early results of FGGE and large-scale aspects of its monsoon experiments, Tallahassee, WMO, 4, 20-29.

Webster, P. J., 1983: The large-scale structure of the tropical atmosphere. General Circulation of the Atmosphere, Eds. B. J. Hoskins and R. P. Pearce, Academic Press, 35-275.

Webster, P. J., 1987: The variable and interactive monsoon. In Monsoons, Ed. J. S. Fein and P. L. Stephens, John Wiley & Sons, New York., pp. 269-230.

Webster, P. J., L. Chou and K. M. Lau, 1977: Mechanisms effecting the state, evolution and transition of the planetary scale monsoon. Pure Appl. Geoph., 115, 1463-1491.

Webster, P. J. and R. A. Houze, 1991: The Equatorial Mesoscale Experiment (EMEX): An overview. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 72, 1481-1505.

Webster, P. J. and R. Lucas, 1992, TOGA COARE: The TOGA Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 1377-1416.

Wheeler, M., G. N. Kilidis and P. J. Webster, 2000: Large-scale dynamical fields asociated with convectively coupled euqatorial waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 613-640. (click here)

Yanai, M., B. Chen, and W-W. Tung, 2000: The Madden-Julian Oscillation observed during the TOGA COARE IOP: Global view. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2374-2396.


Copyright © Roger Smith, Date 11 Jun 2015